Ovarian Cystectomy

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove ovarian cysts while preserving the ovary. This procedure is ideal for benign ovarian cysts that cause pain, irregular periods, or fertility issues.

Why is Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Performed?

Doctors recommend this procedure for women experiencing:

• Persistent or large ovarian cysts (especially those larger than 5 cm)
• Painful or symptomatic cysts causing pelvic discomfort
• Cysts that do not resolve with medication or observation
• Ovarian cysts affecting fertility
• Endometriotic cysts (chocolate cysts) associated with endometriosis
• Dermoid cysts, hemorrhagic cysts, or other benign growths
• Torsion (twisting) of an ovarian cyst, which can cause severe pain

Procedure Overview

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is performed under general anesthesia and usually takes 30 to 90 minutes. The steps include:

1. Small incisions (usually 3-4) are made in the abdomen.
2. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas is introduced to expand the abdomen for better visibility.
3. A laparoscope (thin, lighted telescope) is inserted through one incision.
4. Specialized instruments are used to carefully remove the cyst while preserving healthy ovarian tissue.
5. The ovary is sutured if necessary, and the cyst is extracted through the small incision.
6. The incisions are closed with dissolvable sutures.

Benefits of Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

• Minimally Invasive: Small incisions reduce pain, scarring, and blood loss.
• Preserves the Ovary: Important for women planning future pregnancies.
• Faster Recovery: Most women return to normal activities within 1-2 weeks.
• Lower Risk of Complications: Compared to open surgery.
• Shorter Hospital Stay: Usually discharged within 24 hours.

What to Expect After the Procedure?

• Mild abdominal pain and bloating due to CO₂ gas (may cause shoulder pain)
• Light spotting or vaginal discharge for a few days
• Fatigue for a few days, improving gradually
• Avoid heavy lifting and intense activity for at least 2 weeks

When to Seek Medical Attention?

Although rare, complications can occur. Contact your doctor if you experience:

• Severe abdominal pain that worsens over time
• Heavy vaginal bleeding or foul-smelling discharge
• Fever or chills (signs of infection)
• Nausea, vomiting, or difficulty passing urine

Conclusion

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a safe, effective, and fertility-preserving procedure for women with problematic ovarian cysts. It provides significant symptom relief, preserves ovarian function, and ensures a quicker recovery compared to open surgery.

For expert consultation, Dr. Apoorva Pallam Reddy offers advanced laparoscopic techniques to provide personalized and precise treatment for ovarian cysts.